Back	Poverty in the Republican Era Prof. Ayşe Buğra Kavala from the Department of Economics at Boğaziçi University, will be speaking at the Voyvoda Street Economic History Lectures on Wednesday, April 7, from 6:30 to 8:00 p.m. In the lecture titled "Views on Poverty in the Republican Era", she will present a historical perspective of the process of poverty; its origins, how it is perceived and how it is dealt with. "In countries where industrialization started early, the problem of poverty came to constitute the beginning of the process of modern social policies" says Professor Kavala. "In such countries, aid to the poor appeared as the first instance of those policies. Social assistance programs and social insurance institutions designed to provide medical insurance and unemployment or old-age insurance for the working population followed later. On the other hand, in countries like Turkey, where industrialization started later, the exact reverse process took place. Relatively well-structured, though somewhat biased and inefficient social insurance systems were established early on, whereas modern social policies and social insurance institutions, designed to provide assistance to the poor, were not given much importance." For additional information on this free lecture offered by the Ottoman Bank Museum, please contact us at: (212) 292 76 05